Vacuum Loss Detection of PTC in CSP Plants via Temperature-Sensors

Abstract

The efficient operation of a solar field is an essential factor for the commercial operation of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant. In addition to predictive control for the highest possible constant outlet temperature at high mass flow, efficient operation also includes early detection of defective components and heat losses. This work presents a method for non-invasive heat loss detection as a strong indication for vacuum losses, based on measured operational data of Andasol III, an operating 50 MW parabolic trough collector (PTC) plant located in southern Spain. To detect vacuum losses via this method, mass flow rate and temperature reduction are determined separately for each individual loop via the analysis of a short-term temperature rise of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) during preheating. While the temperature reduction was measured directly, the mass flow was determined via the thermal time-of-flight (ToF) method using the same installed temperature sensors. By measuring thermal step responses during the preheating of the solar field at nighttime operation, the influence of fluctuating direct normal irradiance (DNI), misalignment of the absorber tubes and an offset in collector focus was circumvented. In the scope of the presented work, single loops were detected, which show a higher heat loss at lower mass flow rate and therefore have an increased probability of a higher vacuum loss. Better localization and early detection of these vacuum losses would allow the corresponding absorber tubes to be renewed at the economically and environmentally best time, improving the efficiency of the solar field and thus the entire CSP plant.