Viscous Sintering of Acid Leached Glass Powders

Roger Gomes Fernandes; Raschid Al-Mukadam; Hansjörg Bornhöft; Stefan Reinsch; Ralf Müller; Susanne Selle; Joachim Deubener

doi:10.52825/glass-europe.v1i.681

Authors

Roger Gomes Fernandes Clausthal University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-8391
Raschid Al-Mukadam Clausthal University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-6566
Hansjörg Bornhöft Clausthal University of Technology https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8790-4046
Stefan Reinsch Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-4635
Ralf Müller Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-2035
Susanne Selle Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-2025
Joachim Deubener Clausthal University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-7490

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v1i.681

Keywords:

Glass Powder, Viscous Sintering, Acid-Leaching, Sinter Retardation

Abstract

The process of viscous flow sintering is a phenomenon that is closely linked to the surface properties of the glass particles. In this work, we studied the extreme case of acid-leaching of soda-lime-silicate glass beads of two different particle size distributions and its effects on non-isothermal viscous sintering of powder compacts. Depth profiling of the chemical composition after leaching revealed a near-surface layer depleted in alkali and alkaline earth ions, associated with concurrent hydration as mass loss was detected by thermogravimetry. Heating microscopy showed that acid treatment of glasses shifted the sinter curves to higher temperatures with increasing leaching time. Modelling of the shrinkage with the cluster model predicted a higher viscosity of the altered surface layer, while analysis of the time scales of mass transport of mobile species (Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and H₂O) during isochronous sintering revealed that diffusion of Na⁺ can compensate for concentration gradients before sintering begins. Also, exchanged water species can diffuse out of the altered layer, but the depletion of Ca²⁺ in the altered surface layer persists during the sinter interval, resulting in a glass with higher viscosity, which causes sintering to slow down.

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Viscous Sintering of Acid Leached Glass Powders

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