Phosphate/Silicate Ratio Allows for Fine-Tuning of Bioactive Glass Crystallisation and Glass-Ceramic Microstructure

Altair T. Contreras Jaimes; Gloria Kirste; Christian Patzig; Juliana Martins de Souza e Silva; Jonathan Massera; Natalia Karpukhina; Robert G. Hill; Araceli de Pablos-Martín; Delia S. Brauer

doi:10.52825/glass-europe.v2i.1187

Authors

Altair T. Contreras Jaimes Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Gloria Kirste Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8862-8270
Christian Patzig Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-5907
Juliana Martins de Souza e Silva Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-5114
Jonathan Massera Tampere University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-8420
Natalia Karpukhina Queen Mary University of London https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-5857
Robert G. Hill Queen Mary University of London
Araceli de Pablos-Martín Dyckerhoff (Germany) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9824-6273
Delia S. Brauer Friedrich Schiller University Jena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-0695

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v2i.1187

Keywords:

Crystallisation, Bioactive Glass, Glass-Ceramic

Abstract

A combination of XRD, solid-state NMR and state-of-the-art imaging techniques were used to investigate how the calcium orthophosphate/calcium silicate ratio affects the crystallisation of bioactive glasses in the system SiO₂-P₂O₅-CaO-CaF₂. In the phosphate-free glass, xonotlite, wollastonite and cuspidine crystallised. From 2.4 mol% P₂O₅, fluorapatite also formed, while the amount of wollastonite decreased. Crystallisation tendency was low for low phosphate contents, while above 3 mol% P₂O₅ it increased. The phosphate-free glass showed a volume crystallisation mechanism with constant activation energy. By contrast, the glass with the largest phosphate to silicate ratio showed both volume and surface crystallisation, causing a pronounced decrease in activation energy with crystallisation degree. This work shows that by changing the phosphate/silicate ratio we can determine which crystal phases form, obtaining for example fluorapatite-free or wollastonite-free glass-ceramics, depending on the desired application and properties such as mechanical strength or activity in contact with physiological solutions.

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Phosphate/Silicate Ratio Allows for Fine-Tuning of Bioactive Glass Crystallisation and Glass-Ceramic Microstructure

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